Code Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society - 1597 Words

1Introduction Today, established ethical frameworks play a vital role in companies and organisations, espe- cially in big ones. Ethical framework, also known as code of conduct and code of ethics, is a set of guidelines, recommendations and rules, which specify expected behaviour and possible options how to make ethical decision, under different circumstances. It is crucial for every institution to set up ethical framework in order to prevent specific problems and to have es- tablished policy to find right and unambiguous solution for them if such occur. This report provides the analysis of all decisions made by the various individuals mentioned in the Killer Robot case study applying the Code of Ethics of IEEE Computer Society for†¦show more content†¦The third principle is related to management in software engineering. It states that software engineering managers and leaders must subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance. This, in turn, inludes the following responsibilities for managers and leaders: they must provide duly management for any project on which they work; they must be certain that potential software engineers are knowledgeable about the employment conditions; they must offer rightful salaries; they must provide appropriate teaching of this Code for all engineers; they must not ask engineers to do anything contradictory with principles of this Code and must not punish anyone for expressing any concerns about a project. The fourth principle reviewed in this report is called Self. ItShow MoreRelatedCode of Ethics for Computer Professionals1134 Words   |  4 PagesMost professions have codes of ethics and for the same reasons computer professionals need a code of ethics. Professions that have been in existence for many more years than the information profession have had time to recognise their ethical responsibilities. In the information field it can be more difficult to immediately recognise who is affected by the actions of an individual or organisation. This does not mean that information professionals have no moral responsibilities. It is common acrossRead MoreThe Engineering Of Electricity What Is This Magic?973 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in the engineering of electricity†¦What is this Magic?! What happened that made the United States need a code of ethics for engineers? According to the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) heritage, people in the early 1900s employer’s didn’t require certification from an employee to be hired as an engineer, who caused lots of problems and deaths due to safety issues [1]. In comparison to today’s standards that is blasphemy. It was only 100 years ago that each state started requiringRead MoreComputer Ethics Awareness Among University Students Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Background Computers are the core technology of our times and apparently, the most important technology to be invented and used by man . Without computers and computer networks, especially, the Internet, activities of most organizations, such as banks, schools, government agencies would simply grind to a halt. Modern societys dependence on the use of information technology, make it more vulnerable to computer malfunction caused by unreliable software and to computer misuse (Forrester andRead More Computer Crime Essay1989 Words   |  8 Pagesintroduction of computers in to the modern household has brought with it new moral issues. In the last 10 years computers have become increasingly cheaper to buy, due to huge technological advances and fierce competition, driving prices down. It the wake of the computer revolution the internet has followed quickly, becoming faster, cheaper and more accessible. With these technological advances the world has become increasingly smaller enabling piracy and file sharing to become common practice. Society now hasRead MoreEssay On An Eye Is Upon You1828 Words   |  8 PagesAn Eye is Upon You Introduction In today’s society we are faced with many new technologies that look to catapult us into the future. Some of these technologies look to free society from the shackles of old while others look to upgrade the shackles and remove our veil of freedom. One of these topics that look to shackle us to our government overlords is their ability for mass surveillance. This activity affords them a power like that never seen before. Even though the program was instituted withRead MoreThe Ethical And Ethical Views Behind Computer Scientists1622 Words   |  7 Pageslegitimate distinction between the moral and ethical views behind computer scientists being responsible for the action that they take upon the problems that they can face from the systems that they design. They must be faced with the codes of ethics and the morality issues in order to acknowledge the user about the responsibility that they must encounter in order for the use of technology. In the case of the technological socie ty, the IT technology must include security measures to avoid hackingRead MoreThe Rights Of A New Community1725 Words   |  7 PagesRights theory From the proper rights ethical theory the particular proper rights established with a contemporary society are usually protected along with offered the best concern. Protection under the law are usually accepted as ethically accurate along with legitimate considering that a substantial or even lording it over populace gives all of them. Folks may also give proper rights upon others as long as they have the opportunity along with means to accomplish this. An important problem in thisRead MoreWhat Changes Would Be Made For Engineering Be A Profession More Like Medicine Or Law?1784 Words   |  8 Pagesmedicine or law? Unlike the medical and law fields, engineering does not have a nationally established organization. Engineering is such a broad field that each specific engineering field has its own society. And very few practicing professional engineers belong to their corresponding professional societies. The style or way engineers would be educated would change. After receiving undergraduate degrees, engineers would then have to achieve higher degree education as appropriate to their specific fieldsRead MoreComputer Engineering Ethics4002 Words   |  17 Pagesways of credentialing a person to practice computer engineering ï‚ · Describe issues that contrast risk issues with safety issues ï‚ · Identify some issues in computer engineering that address privacy ï‚ · Describe whistle blowing and the conflicts between ethics and practice that may result from doing so ï‚ · Describe how computer engineering uses or benefits from social and professional issues. 2.2 Reasons for Studying Social and Professional Issues Computers have a central and growing role in commerceRead MoreRelation Of Ethics With Ict Industry1485 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION:- This essay describes relation of ethics with ICT industry. Business ethics is a social science, whose primary point is to characterize and analyse the obligations of organizations and their operators as a piece of the general good environment of a given society. The results of this field of examination are sets of guidelines and codes of behaviour’s, which serve as a method for security from the conceivable encroachments of good codes therefore from the general exercises and obligations

Sexual Harassment Within The Workplace - 1349 Words

What is sexual harassment? According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines workplace sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances or conduct of a sexual nature which unreasonably interferes with the performance of a person s job or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment refers to the action of repeated, annoying sexual comments, gazes and physical contact at the workplace. Sexual harassment refers to sexual actions that annoy the party affected. Sexual harassment at work is a serious problem and can happen to both women and men. (Sexual Harassment, n.d.). Quid pro quo and hostile work environment are the two recognized types of sexual harassment under Title VII. To be†¦show more content†¦Hostile environment harassment can include gender- or sexual orientation–based jokes or comments, calling people by derogatory gender-related names, threats, touching of a sexual nature, offensive e-mail or Web site mes sages, talking about one’s sexual behaviors in front of others, spreading rumors about coworkers. Training is a traditional tool of choice where employers wish to take, or demonstrate, â€Å"reasonable care to prevent† and â€Å"good faith efforts.† Evidence of effective training programs can now eliminate employer liability for workplace harassment in many situations and allow employers to avoid imposition of punitive damages even in cases of proven harassment and discrimination. There are at least four ways in which U.S. law has encouraged or effectively mandated sexual harassment training. First, and most important, developing case law interpreting and applying Title VII of the Civil Rights Act has elevated training to an effective defense to charges of harassment in many cases. Second, EEOC Guidelines explicitly call for training. Third, high profile settlement agreements and consent decrees typically incorporate a training component. Finally, at the state l evel, many state legislatures or governors have enacted statutes or issued executive orders, respectively, that mandate training (Buckner, Hindman, Huelsman, Bergman, 2014, p. 258). Things workersShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment Within The Workplace949 Words   |  4 PagesSexual harassment (SH) in the workplace, as defined by the Ontario Human Rights Commission, is a form of discrimination based on sex. SH can be subjective, in the sense that it can range from anything as severe to asking for sex in exchange for something to gloating about sexual capabilities. While both women and men can be victims, trends indicate that women are greater times the recipient. According to Kubik (2016) 40 – 75% of women and 15% of men experience sexual harassment in the workplace.Read MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1382 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE Sexual harassment is any form of unprecedented sexual conduct in which the offender uses inappropriate language and actions that humiliate the sexuality of the offended. At workplaces, sexual harassment occurs when stakeholders of an organization engage in unwelcomed conducts of sexual nature, which makes the recipients (of the conduct) intimidated and uncomfortable. As Solotoff and Kramer (2014: 67) assert, sexual harassment is a widespread practiceRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1567 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is a continuing, persistent occupational health problem in corporations and work environments. There can be extensive, negative consequences for individual victims and the corporations involved. Assailants and harassers can impact and hurt victims by affecting both their professional work lives and personal lives. The purpose of this paper is to heighten awareness and sensitivity to this important issue, recognizing that institutions, clinics, corp orations, organizations and office-basedRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1757 Words   |  8 Pages Sexual and Non- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Sexual harassment is discrimination that involves any uninvited comments, exploits, or behavior regarding sex, gender, or sexual orientation. If any type of violation is made by a co-worker, a boss, a work acquaintance, or even a non-employee such as a client, vendor, or contractor, this will be considered unlawful sexual harassment within the work environment. Sexual harassment can create a hostile and uneasy work environment. SexualRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace Essay4574 Words   |  19 Pages SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACE Lesa GlennTracy ABSTRACT This research is about sexual harassment in workplaces. Sexual harassment has been seen all over the world, and it is more directed to women and also some men have reported the issues although not that much. The research was done due to the vast number of people complaining of harassment in their workplace and wanted to prove if it’s true. Harassment in workplaces is not only directed to job advances but also as a wayRead More Sexual Harassment and Workplace Violence Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesHarassment has plagued the world for centuries. Why should the workplace be any different? Sexual harassment and workplace violence are not only of historical roots, but contemporary issues are still present in the workforce today. Managers are addressing and combating modern sexual harassment and workplace violence, however instances still occur (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). â€Å"Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitlyRead MoreSexual Harassment1405 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment Sexual harassment in a healthcare workplace is a very important topic to discuss even though it is often swept under the rug. Even with all law, literature and discussions on sexual harassment, people still remain confused about what exactly constitutes sexual harassment. Therefore knowing what sexual harassment entails and looks like is a crucial step in the prevention of it from taking place. Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination; it can therefore be definedRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1253 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace What cause sexual harassment in the workplace? Sexual harassment is defined as discrimination towards sex. It is unwanted verbal and/or physical contact between two human beings, however, in this case I would like to focus on the workplace (co-worker or supervisor). Based on Civil Rights Act of 1991, there has been an increased amount of incentives for employer’s prohibition conducts of sexual harassment. How people perceive and evaluate sexual harassmentRead MoreThe State Of Sexual Harassment858 Words   |  4 Pages Machin, L. (2012). The State of Sexual Harassment in America: What is the Status of Sexual Harassment in the US Workplace Today? Journal of Global Business Management, 8(1), 133-138. Unwanted sexual advances are inappropriate whether or not an individual is at work. This article speaks to the minds of people who have been sexually harassed at work in the 2000s. When written, the article explained that in the last two years sexual harassment in the workplace had actually increased. It also explainsRead MoreIntroduction. The Purpose Of This Article Is To Provide1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this article is to provide a concise summary of what sexual harassment is, discussing who it affects, and its prevalence in organisations using evidence and examples. A range of views will be provided to describe how sexual harassment affects organizations and employees. This article will examine the primary alternative interventions aimed at resolving for sexual harassment in the workplace. The alternatives are all considered to be preventions, rather than reactions to

Sports Essay Sports as a major leisure spectator activity Free Essays

ABSTRACT Sports play a vital role in modern contemporary society. It is an integral part of life essential for the physical and mental well-being of individuals. More recently, sport has become a major leisure activity globally (Houlihan, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Essay: Sports as a major leisure spectator activity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its prominence in the media which devotes considerable more coverage has significantly contributed to sports as a major leisure spectator activity. This essay explores on sports as a major leisure spectator activity. Further, it examines the various ways through which sports impact on modern day leisure life. INTRODUCTION Sports play a vital role in modern contemporary society. It is an integral part of life essential for the physical and mental well-being of individuals (Craig Beedie, 2008). Not only is it a physical activity but also an area where people socially interact. Maguire et al (2002) suggested that sport and leisure activities are an integral part of social life and that they are intricately linked to politics and the society. For most people, sports play a fundamental role whether as passive spectators or active participants. Generally, sports has been praised for its numerous benefits which include: bridging the cultural and ethnic divides, improving on health and fitness, creating opportunities for employments and businesses to flourish, fostering teamwork and fair competition, contributing to the cross cultural dialogue and ensuring peaceful-coexistence (Levenson Christensen, 1996). LITERATURE There is a small but growing body of sociological literature with reference to sports as a spectator activity. At present the coverage in sports sociology, in particular the spectator phenomenon is still sketchy and thin, with many residual areas still unexplored. Relatively few studies have explored extensively on professional sports as the major spectator activity in the modern society. Ascertaining the various factors that motivate individuals to watch sports remains a practical and theoretical challenge for researchers and sports practitioners (Laker, 2002). Studies by James Ridinger (2002), Bilyeu Wann (2002) and Wann Ensor (2001) examined the effect of demographic characteristics such as race and gender on the outcome of spectator sports, whilst Wann Wilson (1999a) and Wann, Schrader Wilson (1999) explored on the motivation patterns and how motivation is related to the preference of the type of sporting activity. The general impression is that research into sports sociology in the modern contemporary society has been sketchy. This essay thus significantly contributes to the research topic by discussing the different ways through which professional sport has impacted upon the modern day leisure life. MAIN ARGUMENT More recently, sport has become a major leisure activity globally (Houlihan, 2008). Its prominence in the media which devotes considerable more coverage has significantly contributed to sports as a major leisure spectator activity (Jarvie, 2006). Research has identified that a vast number of people attend to sporting events. There is a wide variety of sports which cater for a large number of spectators. Some are minority or class based sports such as rugby, golf and yachting while others such as football appeal to majority tastes (Coakley Pike, 2009). Britain today is very much shaped around leisure, sport in particular (Coakley Pike, 2009). The most common professional spectator sports in Britain are football, golf, rugby, hockey, badminton, tennis, cycling, motor racing and swimming (Coakley Dunning, 2002). Professional football, however, is by far the most popular spectator sport in Britain. Reading about sports or watching games on big screens or at the stadium has become more prevalent in today’s society. This represents a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the modern society. IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS UPON MODERN DAY LEISURE LIFE Professional sports have impacted upon the modern day leisure life in a variety of ways. Firstly, professional football has led to people visiting clubs and the local pubs to watch football along with other fans (Coakley, 2007). According to the Mintel database which provides data on the consumer market in the UK and the leisure trends, most people choose to go to the pubs to watch football activities on weekends. Many of the British people love sports and visiting the pubs to watch football is an important part of their life. Sports have therefore transformed pubs to become social institutions which cater for diverse ethnic groups who meet to share the same interest. The pub has thus become Britain’s most envied and imperfectly imitated institution as sports lovers gather on neutral grounds and enjoy their leisure time watching football. Most of the football fans would visit clubs and pubs to watch popular matches such as a match between West Ham United vs Manchester United. Secondly, sports have led to people queuing outside Wimbledon events, world’s most prestigious tennis tournament, to watch matches between the best tennis players ever witnessed in history. People could choose to queue outside Wimbledon events to watch England’s defending champion Raphael Nadal beat Andy Murray. According to Coakley Pike (2009), Since its inception in 1877, wimbledon has become a famous tennis tournament globally with players from over 60 countries and is widely watched by millions of fans worldwide. In the UK, tickets for Wimbledon are always on demand. Given the fierce demand by spectators to watch wimbledon events, the club now operates on a lottery for advanced sales. The ticket prices normally range at ?29-?100 and sell out months in advance. The long queues for Wimbledon events represent a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the Britain. Thirdly, among the most prominent professional sports in the UK is rugby football which is quite popular in winter pastime and is widely watched in (Britain Hargreaves, 1994). It is divided into two categories, namely: the rugby union and rugby league (Cashmore, 2010). Rugby union is confined to amateur clubs and is often exclusively a public school influenced game (Cashmore, 2010). In 1995, it became more professional and now covers a wider social spectrum. On the other hand, rugby league comprise of professional teams and extends to a working class sport (Craig Beedie, 2008). A vast number of Britons are seen booking for tickets at Wembley delight for only ?10 to watch popular matches (Donnelly, 2008). Over the weekends, these Britons would book to watch popular matches such as Warrington VS Wigan. This shows that professional sport is quickly impacting on modern day leisure life with a large number booking for tickets to watch rugby games. Cricket is also popular in the Great Britain. It is a summer sport in Britain and is both a professional and amateur sport (Craig Beedie, 2008). The professional sport is largely confined to welsh and English county sides of the country (Craig Beedie, 2008). Some of the Britons spend their leisure time watching cricket either at a local pub, restaurant, or club. Others prefer attending cricket matches at the stadium where they book for tickets in advance. It should however be noted that, attendance at cricket matches has overtime been declining and that this contemporary game has lost some of its attractiveness and is in the danger of becoming a minority sport (Collins, 2008). Cricket has moved in overly professional and money dominated directions and is quickly losing its many spectators (Craig Beedie, 2008). Certainly, professional sports play an integral part in the British life. This is evident from the huge numbers that attend to sporting events or watch from the pubs, hotels, restaurants, clubs or back at home. In the UK tickets are fast selling for the British open golf championship 2011 tournament which will be held on the famous links land course of Royal St. Georges (Cashmore, 2000). Watching golf’s elite compete in this tournament is quite a thrill to a number of British fans. Witnessing superstars tackle each other is a once in a life time opportunity for a number of British fans hence the huge numbers for the golf tickets. Research has identified that professional sports has become a major spectator activity in the UK as well as globally. In a number of ways, professional sports have shaped the modern day leisure life as shown from above where people may go to clubs to watch football, attend Wimbledon events, secure tickets to watch rugby at the stadium, attend to golf championship tournaments, or watch cricket at the local pub, restaurant or hotel. Additionally, others may opt to read the sports magazines such as UK’s biggest selling weekly football magazine and newspapers to get an update on sports. Undoubtedly, sports have become a major spectator activity. It should however be noted that sports is still marred by inequalities. Sports, in Britain and around the globe, are generally male dominated. Whilst, sport is male dominated, women opt for the fitness class sector with popular activities such as yoga, circuit training and aerobics (Coakley, 2007). Nonetheless, the professional sporting industry has become very lucrative and is closely associated with brand merchandizing, sponsorship schemes, non-sport sales and television incomes. Despite being a leisure activity, the local and national businesses are reaping benefits by tailoring their services in line with the particular sporting event (Coakley, 2007). CONCLUSION Watching sports either at a local pub, club, restaurant or hotel represents a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the modern times. Media has significantly contributed to sports by devoting a wider coverage on sporting activities and events in the UK and around the globe. Clearly, professional sports have become a major spectator activity. Their impacts on modern day leisure life are profound. REFERENCE Bilyeu, J., Wann, D. (2002). An investigation of racial differences in sport fan motivation. International Sports Journal, 6(2), 93-106 Cashmore, E., (2010) Making Sense of Sport, London: Routledge. Cashmore, E., (ed) (2000) Sports Culture: An A-Z Guide, London: Routledge. Coakley, J., (2007) Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies, Boston: McGraw-Hill. Coakley, J. Dunning, E. (2002) Handbook of Sports Studies, London: Sage. Coakley, J. Pike, E. (2009) Sport in Society: Issues and Controvercies [UK edition], Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Collins, M. (2008) ‘Social Exclusion from Sport and Leisure’, in B. Houlihan (ed.) Sport Society: a student introduction, London: Sage, pp. 77-105 Craig, P. Beedie, P. (2008), Sport Sociology, Exeter: Learning Matters, pp. 43-52. Donnelly, P. (2008) ‘Sport and Social Theory’, in B. Houlihan (ed.) Sport Society: a student introduction, London: Sage, pp. 11-32. Hargreaves, J. (1994) Sporting Females: Critical issues in the History and Sociology of Women’s Sports, London: Routledge. Houlihan, B. (2008) Sport Society: A Student Introduction, London: Sage. James, J., Ridinger, L. (2002). Female and male sport fans: A comparison of sport consumption motives. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(3), 260-278. Jarvie, G. (2006) Sport, Culture and Society: An Introduction, London: Routledge. Laker, A. (2002) The Sociology of Sport and Physical Education, London: Routledge. Levenson, D. Christensen, K. (1996) Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present, Volume One, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. Maguire, J., Jarvie, G., Mansfield, L., Bradley, J., (2002) Sports Worlds: A Sociological Perspective, Champaign: Human Kinetics. Wann, D., Ensor, C. (2001). Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sport. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 603-605 Wann, D., Schrader, M., Wilson, A. (1999). Sport fan motivation: Questionnaire validation, comparisons by sport, and relationship to athletic motivation. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22(1), 114-139. Wann, D., Wilson, A. (1999a). Relationship between aesthetic motivation and preferences for aggressive and nonaggressive sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 931-934 How to cite Sports Essay: Sports as a major leisure spectator activity, Essay examples

Case Study Business Communication

Question: Case study about the business communication. Answer: Introduction Horsewear is the horse riding apparels that are essential for horse riding and maintenance of the balance of the riders for a comfortable ride. While riding a horse, the rider shares an affinity that is in perfect harmony with the horse and sharing of trust. The understanding clarity for mastering the horse requires paramount skills and that are made easy with the horsewear. This is the reason that these apparels have immense popularity among its users and have a huge market demand with profitable returns that requires an even bigger stage for its sale. Therefore, the present report will focus on the setting up of an ecommerce business by an existing business owner in the similar category and will discuss the potential steps involved in it. Background Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a form of business model that enables an organization to carry out its business activities through internet network. It facilitates the trading process of the consumer goods over the internet and utilizes the World Wide Web for a part of the life cycle of the transaction. Offline business suffers from geographical limitations that can be easily overcome with ecommerce transactions (Chiu et al. 2014). The business run by Amanda is directed to public without the involvement of any other retail store. For boosting up her sales, she can adopt an online platform where she can reach out to millions of customers without any geographical boundaries and interferences. eCommerce Systems In the present time, ecommerce is a versatile platform to organize a business, large or small, as it helps the entrepreneurs to reach millions of customers much easier and faster over the internet. Implementation of the system of ecommerce tends to increase the profits margin, as the substantial costs of start-up and operation are relatively low. It makes the working time more flexible and can allow the entrepreneurs to invest more in other aspects of the business. The Meaning of eCommerce The process of ecommerce is carried out by the utilization of a number of applications that includes online catalogs, emails, EDI, shopping carts, web services and file transfer protocol. Outreach and business-to-business activities are the core activities of this type of trading ventures using unsolicited advertisements and emails to the business prospects and consumers. It also connects with the subscribers by sending out newsletters and the consumers are enticed directly using the online tools like targeted advertisements, social media marketing and digital coupons (Fang et al. 2014). Security issues in the business can be easily addressed by authentication of the business transactions by the implementation of the security technologies like two-factor authentication and secure sockets layer. This serves to enhance and ensure the effectiveness, privacy and security of the system of ecommerce and increase the customer satisfaction and security. Controlling the access to webpage resources and encryption of the communications can further help in fraud detection system that can assure the customers regarding their financial transactions and keep them worry free. All these features of business advantages and security can add appeal to her business (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). Presently, the business of Amanda is restricted to the horse events and the verbal publicity by the previous customers. The arena of advertisement is restricted to the horse riding organizations and pony clubs. eCommerce can add substantial advantages to her business and can leverage her sales profi le. Issues and Benefits Although ecommerce is beneficial to the business and the entrepreneur, it is associated with issues and challenges. Since it is a new technology to be added to the organization, there is always a probability of staff resistance to the change. They develop the notion that introduction of this novel approach to sales might make them lose their job. Therefore, they offer resistance to the introduction of this new concept in the organization (Galliers and Leidner 2014). It is very much essential to have trained technical staff for the maintenance of the site for ecommerce. Previously, Amanda used to supply the horsewear commodities directly to the public and her staff members were unskilled. However, now she will require a trained crew of staff members to support the information system required for carrying out the business. Another issue of ecommerce is online marketing, as this is crucial for including the customers who are already in the process of buying products online. Capturing th e online markets is essential for the business to flourish (AlGhamdi, Drew and Alkhalaf 2012). The biggest benefit of introducing ecommerce to an organization is improved customer satisfaction. It provides the business with a 24*7 trading environment that gives greater access to the products of the organization (Bamborough et al. 2014). The customers are given the privilege to shop anytime according to their flexibility and convenience. Online shopping keeps the business ahead of its competitors as they can trade online, apart from offline. The profit margin also increases as the retail store expenditures are curtailed (Yu and Law 2012). Therefore, Amanda can continue her business of direct selling to the customers, but now on a much larger scale. Current Trends and Examples in eCommerce The current trends in ecommerce suggest that real time data analytics provides immense resources in determining the performance of the business. Traditional analytics was a time-consuming process and slowed down the process. With the real time data analytics, the shopper and customer behavior is monitored and the problems are identified in the sales funnel (Jiang, Cui and Faloutsos 2016). Video marketing is another example of a current trend in ecommerce where optimized product descriptions create greater appeal for the consumers and takes the business to the next level. Mobile commerce is the latest version of ecommerce where live chat support is the immediate connection point (Alvarez-Rodrguez, Labra-Gayo and de Pablos 2014). Consistent and reliable advice to the customers can make them loyal over the period. Personalized and data based experiences of shopping are the new norm for online shopping and customers appreciate the customized suggestions of the product. The ecommerce site remembers the preferences of the customers and offers lesser friction to the journey of the customers in the decision of purchasing. It provides the business the right content at the correct time for increased customer satisfaction (Snyder 2013). Recommendations Starting up an ecommerce trading for horsewear by Amanda should begin with the making of a domain name and website. ABC can efficiently provide this as they are the expert in providing solutions for information systems. The business should be registered with proper license and permits. Choosing the right software will give the initial boost to the business. The inventory needs to be stocked up with enough supply for future orders and the business must stay in compliance by taking into consideration the benefits versus the costs. It should be updated over time. Amanda must take into consideration that not only the technical aspects but also the people associated with the business are also vital. Trained and skilled personnel should be appointed who are well versed with the system of ecommerce for managing the various responsibilities of the horsewear business, with a collection of relevant information. Conclusion From the above information, it can be summed up by saying that ecommerce has a huge impact on the society and economy. Business to business is the rapidly growing ecommerce type of business leading to lower cost and improving the efficiency of the business economically. Apart from boosting the sales, ecommerce also promotes employment growth. Horsewear apparels like dressage overalls, hats and silk riding tops are the primary items that Amanda wishes to sell via ecommerce and implementing the above recommendations in her business can help her set up the business. This report will guide her about the requirements of the ecommerce business and will give her an impression of the issues and benefits associated with the business. Therefore, by consulting ABC, Amanda can successfully set up her own ecommerce business for horsewear. References AlGhamdi, R., Drew, S. and Alkhalaf, S., 2012. Government initiatives: The missing key for e-commerce growth in KSA.arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.2398. Alvarez-Rodrguez, J.M., Labra-Gayo, J.E. and de Pablos, P.O., 2014. New trends on e-Procurement applying semantic technologies: Current status and future challenges.Computers in Industry,65(5), pp.800-820. Bamborough, D.L., Blodgett, J.G., Dangl, W.R., Horder-Koop, R.A., Hunking, J.P., McDonald, K.J., Parker, J.P., Savage, K.K., Zevalkink, C.E. and Paasche, T.D., Amway Corp., 2014.Electronic commerce transactions within a marketing system that may contain a membership buying opportunity. U.S. Patent 8,666,838. Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), pp.85-114. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E. and Lim, K.H., 2014. Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms.Mis Quarterly,38(2), pp.407-427. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Jiang, M., Cui, P. and Faloutsos, C., 2016. Suspicious behavior detection: Current trends and future directions.IEEE Intelligent Systems,31(1), pp.31-39. Snyder, R., 2013. E-Commerce and Supply Chain Management.ASBBS Proceedings,20(1), p.237. Yu, A.K. and Law, R., 2012, December. The application of e-commerce to enhance the competitive advantages of hotels in Hong Kong. InInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2000: Proceedings of the International Conference in Barcelona, Spain, 2000(p. 343). Springer Science Business Media.

The Old Religion Why Are They Pagans Essays - Wicca, Witchcraft

The Old Religion: Why Are They Pagans? The Old Religion An excerpt from the Malleus Maleficarum written by Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger reads, Witches are so called on account of the blackness of their guilt, that is to say their deeds are more evil than those of any other malefactors. They stir up and confound the elements by the aid of the devil and arouse terrible hailstorms and tempests. They distract the minds of men driving them to madness, insane hatred, and inordinate lusts. By the terrible influence of their spells alone as it were by a draught of poison they can destroy life. The mere mention of the words witch or witchcraft automatically bring to mind either the green skinned broom-riding hag of The Wizard of Oz or visions of some Devil-worshipping cult. Witchcraft is not a cult. It is a pagan earth religion that has origins dating back before any other formalized religion. Some witches prefer to worship in groups, commonly known as covens. However, since there is no single worldwide institution for the practitioners of witchcraft others are free to worship alone as solitary witches. Witchcraft in one form or another has existed longer than Christianity. This is evidenced by the Christian holidays that have been adapted from older Pagan celebrations. Long before the world had heard of Jesus. Wiccans had been observing the season by bringing in the Yule log wishing on it and lighting it with the remains of the last years log. The Roman Catholic holiday of Candlemas is an adaptation of the pagan Celebration of Imbolc; this day is also known as Brigits Day. The Goddess Brigit symbolized the fire of birth and healing. Early pagans celebrated her day by kindling sacred fires. The Roman Catholic Church adopted the fire symbolism and used this day to bless all the church candles that would be used during the coming year. The name Easter was taken from the name of a pagan goddess Eostre whose Symbols were the bunny and the egg. Aside from that symbolism most pagan religions speak of the goddess descending into the Underworld for a period of three days. This is reflected in the Christian tradition that Jesus died on the cross, descended to hell (during the three days he was entombed), and on the third day he arose and ascended into heaven. Witchcraft may be the oldest religion. It is very different from all the so-called great religions. The Old Religion, as witches call it, is closer in spirit to the Native American traditions or to the Shamanism in the Arctic. It is not based on a dogma or a set of beliefs. Witchcraft takes its teachings from nature. To the witch the cycles of the seasons and movements of the sun, moon, and stars are sources of inspiration. Neither Jehovah, the Lord, or Satan are part of the Wiccan pantheon of Deities. Witches worship a seemingly endless number of pre-Christian deities but these three are not included. Wiccan's do not believe there is an absolute evil or absolute good; there are only appropriate or inappropriate actions. The Devil is a Judeo-Christian invention, most likely devised from a pagan god. The God of the Old Religion was the Horned God; therefore, Christianity associated this god with the Devil and the church deemed witches Devil worshippers. Witchcraft is a way of looking at the world just as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Unlike cults, witches do not look to a single leader to solve all their problems; instead they tend to be very individualistic and freethinking people. Witchcraft has always been a religion of poetry rather than theology. The mysteries of the unknown can never be explained, only felt. Just as some people are good at fixing cars or computers, some witches can and do, develop proficiency with spell work and healing. However, there is a universal ethic by which the Wiccan community adheres. The Wiccan Rede states, An it harm none, do what you will. Religion Essays

Star Life Cycles essays

Star Life Cycles essays Our world is made up of millions of things. From an atom to a metropolis, and from a comet to a grocery store, the things that surround our lives not only prove to please functional needs but, aesthetic and intellectual, as well. I could go on to list more random things that surround life but I wont. It is said that one must know their circumstances and situations. It is human nature to be curious about life around us. To be able to perceive things in logical and rational manner is wonderful, but to be able to grasp and hold onto knowledge that is proven correct trillions of light years away from you is truly beautiful. Enter: the field of science. Humans have been curious with the functional purposes and features of life since our evolution into humans. Many times early humans would be frustrated with science and walk with their heads down. Thus comes in the saying keep your chin up. When they would look up what would they see? The sky, of course. Thus sparking a new curiosity. After many innovations in the study of the sky it has been concluded that it is very large (quite possibly the most correctly observant thing in science along with of course Galileos Eureka! in the bath tub, and Ben Franklin realizing he was electrocuted). Since the sky is so large it houses many objects. Solar systems play a large role. Within solar systems are planets, moons, comets, and the reason youre reading this...stars! Stars are hot bodies of glowing gas that start their life in Nebulae. Nebulae are clouds of dust and gas in space. They vary in size, mass and temperature, diameters ranging from 450x smaller to over 1000x larger than that of the Sun. Masses range from a twentieth to over 50 solar masses and surface temperature can range from 3,000 degrees Celsius to over 50,000 degrees Celsius. Its temperature determines the color of a star. The hottest stars are blue and the coolest stars are r ...

Essay/proposal for job application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

/proposal for job application - Essay Example What matters to me most is the person for whom my efforts will be. I have had quite a chance to do team work and devotion to my team is something that has been a common feature of my work with companies so far. While working as an administrative assistant, translator, IT manager and quality control engineer for director of a medical center, I have displayed excellent work ethics and dedication. I am to date in the good books of the director and he can produce a powerful recommendation on my request if and when needed. From my previous place of work as a logistics specialist, I would like to mention as an example of my working skills, the most demanding project I had there. I was working with three parties, being in charge of more than 10 million dollars of equipment. During the project, feeling committed and responsible for success of the team, I disregarded the customer service hours, making myself available literally 24 hours a day, 7 days a week until the project completion. During emergency conditions, by adherence to the policy, creative thinking, mutual trust, leadership and negotiation skills, I attempted to provide world-class service with much success. Switching over to accounting, I have prepared financial records for archiving, which included validation, correction and data recovery. For weekly financial reports, I used something similar to Six Sigma techniques to decrease the processing time from one to two days to less than two or three hours. Personally admiring your work, supporting it will all my heart and hoping to support you with deeds over my lifetime; I pray that you see a certain advantage in this, which I am sure is shared by all people you work with. I would like to be a member of your team. First of all, I should probably mention that I am studying for Ph.D. in Physics right now. Conveniently, my

Pride And Prejudice- Enduring Appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pride And Prejudice- Enduring Appeal - Essay Example According to Lilian Robinson the 'great subjects' of Pride and Prejudice are 'class, love, money and marriage'. (p. 179) The producer of the television adaptation of this classic feels that 'though it's about many things, it's principally about sex, and it's about money: those are the driving motives of the plot'. (p. v) Sir Walter Scott commented in 1827, Also read again, and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady had a talent for describing the involvements, and feelings, and characters of ordinary life, which is to me the most wonder I ever met with. The Big Bow-wow strain I can do like any now going; but the exquisite touch, which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting, from the truth of the description and the sentiment, is denied to me. (Gilson 475) There are several reasons that account for the enduring charm of this novel. But the main strength of the book lies in its characters that people can easily identify with. Just take away Elizabeth or Darcy from the novel, would it still enjoy the same popularity that it does today, I doubt that. There is something immensely powerful about the way characters have been sketched especially Elizabeth and Darcy. Combined with vibrant characters is the orthodox romance- and together they give us a work that simply refuses to relegate. Elizabeth is a free spirited young woman who hates to be confined by the norms of the society. Miss Bingley at one occasion describes Elizabeth's free spirit as "an abominable sort of conceited independence, a most country town indifference to decorum." (26) Darcy is on the other hand a man with the world at his feet. When such a man falls in love with the otherwise plain looking Lizzy, the world has to sit up and take notice. Isn't this the story we could all relate to with its fairy-tale yet identifiable content Romance has an enduring quality about it and when presented with characters that are both lively and real, you have a deadly combination. That explains why Pride and Prejudice has never failed to attract the audiences in over two centuries. Strong vibrant characters and powerful romance make this work exceptionally outstanding for centuries. According to G.K Chesterton, Jane Austen "knew much more about men" than the Brontes or George Eliot (109). He further claimed that there was "an infallible force to her irony" and a "stunning weight to her understatements" (xv) Having said all that, the fact remains, had it not been for Lizzy's independent spirit and Darcy's arrogance, we wouldn't be obsessing over the enduring appeal of Pride and Prejudice the way we do today. Lizzy was everything that a woman in the 18h century must have hoped to become. She was intelligent and outspoken yet sensitive and loving. Regardless of what some feminist studies might reveal, Lizzy was not a feminist. She was strong and powerful because she was intelligent but she was neither against marriage nor was she above falling in love with men. Another thing that makes her absolutely irresistible is her ordinariness. Lizzy was not beautiful in the traditional sense. But she had her own beauty- beauty that comes from being original. She was a first rate version of herself at all times. Her genuine

Cultural Advertising (how culture influences advertising) Research Paper

Cultural Advertising (how culture influences advertising) - Research Paper Example The culture of most individuals is determined at their place of birth whereby they pick up the behaviors and mannerisms of those around them. This influences their general outlook towards life and the way in which they perform certain actions in their day to day activities. Culture differs in various elements; the most common is due to the location. Individuals in various continents have various distinct differences and these can be easily noticed. A clear example is the popularity of sports in various continents. In the United States, the most popular sports are American Football and Baseball, in India, the most popular sport is cricket while in Europe soccer is the major attraction. This therefore means that children born in these regions will find that their sporting culture is inclined to these particular sports and therefore they are most likely to follow these sports. The environment we are in is a major determinant of the culture that we will adopt. Culture influences the languages that we speak and the religious beliefs that we are subscribed to. There is therefore a direct impact on the products that any given individual will use by the culture in which they belong. Some religious sects restrict the use of modern technology by their members and as such it would be pointless to try and them electronic. This therefore implies that advertisers should take keen note of the various cultures around the world so that they know exactly which type of people use certain products. They can then target these people selectively with advertisements that cater to their exact needs. The end result is that there will be positive response from the market since their needs will be catered for (Mueller 2004). The goal of this essay is to find out how the advertisements differ from each other on basis of cultural values, are there any similarities also between TV

Person Centred Therapy: Overview and Analysis

Person Centred Therapy: Overview and Analysis Person-centered Therapy Ong Khai Lun Abstract This article discussed about Person-centered Therapy which is developed by Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers who is the Humanistic psychologist believed that there are needs that needed to be fulfilled by individual in order for the wellness of the individual. Person-centered Therapy is developed based on the Humanistic approach in the psychology field. In this article, whole of the Person-centered Therapy will be discussed, the core elements that need to be practiced by Person-centered therapists will be discussed and the critical condition in order for the therapy to be success will also be discussed in this article. This article is to help understand Person-centered Therapy and what requirement that needs to be followed when practicing Person-centered Therapy. Introduction In Person-centered Therapy, Carl Rogers believed that the client should focus on the present and the future as opposed to Gestalt Therapy that focused only on the present. Carl Rogers also believed that by focusing on the present and the future, the client would be able to understand more about himself or herself (McLeod, 2008). In Person-centered therapy, the client will be the main focus rather than the focus on how good is the therapist. This is due to Rogers believed that the self-healing ability and the personal growth that helps lead the client towards self-actualization (McLeod, 2008; Love Pinkowitz, 2013). The main purpose of Person-centered Therapy is to allow the client to have the opportunity to develop the sense of self where the client will be able to realize how their attitudes, their feelings and their behaviors that are being affected negatively (Love Pinkowitz, 2013; Swartout Swartout, 2012). Based on Person-centered Therapy, the self-concept is main element of our experiences and self-concept is influencer that will mold our perception towards the world and the perception towards the individual himself or herself. For example, an individual who is very confident towards himself or herself will behave confidently. The self-concept might not always fit the real world but as every individual is different in nature, the way we see ourselves and others see us might be different. For example, individual A might be a fun person to the eyes of others but individual might see himself as boring person, so individual A behave as a fun person to increase his or her self-esteem. The way individual A sees himself or herself might reflect how individual A values his or her self-esteem. In Person-centered Therapy, those who came for the therapy will not refer as ‘patients’ instead they will be referred as ‘clients’. This is due to the therapist and the clients are viewed as equal partners. The client is responsible to improve his life or her life and not the therapist (Corey, 2009). This is the part where Person-centered Therapy differs from psychoanalysis, where the patients is diagnosed by the psychologist and treated by the psychologist. The clients will be consciously and rationally make decisions for themselves about what is the right things to do and what should be done. The therapist in Person-centered Therapy is viewed as a friend that will listen to the problem and encourages the clients on an equal level rather than the therapist that view himself or herself as superiority in the session (Corey, 2009; Hagner, Kurtz, May Cloutier, 2014). Hagner, Kurtz, May Cloutier (2014) state that there is no absolute counseling technique to be applied in Person-centered Therapy as every counseling relationship that built with the clients are unique by itself. The quality of the therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist is more important compared to the therapy techniques. There are three important elements that should be practiced by Person-centered Therapists is congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic. The first element that needs to be practice by Person-centered therapists is congruence. Congruence means that therapists need to be genuine in the therapeutic relationship. The therapists need to fully involve himself or herself in the therapeutic relationship in order for the wellness of the clients. The client is allowed to experience the therapist’s experience as Person-centered therapists can use their own experiences to enhance the therapeutic relationship (Cornelius-White, 2008). The second element that needs to be practice by Person-centered therapists is unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers believed that in order for an individual to grow and fulfill his or her potential, it is very important that the individual is valued as himself or herself. This means that Person-centered therapists need to care about their clients deeply and genuinely in order for the growth and potential development of the clients. This also means that the therapists need the attitude of a ccept their clients as how the clients are (Corey, 2009). Thus Person-centered therapists need to always carefully maintain positive attitude toward their clients. The third core element that needed to be practiced by Person-centered therapists is empathy. By practicing empathy means that the therapists have the ability to understand what the clients’ experience and the clients’ feelings at the current moment. There are six critical conditions that need to meet in order for therapeutic change for the clients; therapist-client psychological contact, client incongruence, therapist congruence, therapist unconditional positive regard, therapist emphatic understanding and client perception (Corey, 2009; Cornelius-White, 2008). Therapist-client psychological contact is a relationship that needs to be established between the client and the therapist. Client incongruence means that there is an existence of incongruence between the clients’ experiences and the clients’ awareness. Therapist congruence means that the therapists need to be congruence in the therapeutic relationship. The therapists need to fully involved in the relationship and also they can use their own relationship to facilitate the therapeutic relationship. Therapist unconditional positive regard means that the therapists need to accept their clients as they are. This will help to increase the self-concept of the clie nt. Therapist empathic understanding requires the therapist to have empathic understanding towards the clients’ inner-self. Adequate empathy will allow the clients to believe their therapists have unconditional love towards them. Client perception is where the clients perceive the therapists’ unconditional positive regards and the therapists’ emphatic understanding. These six critical conditions are then summarized into three important elements; congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic (Maslow, Fazio, Ortigara, Kuhn Zeisel, 2013). As a conclusion, Person-centered Therapy requires the clients to concentrate in his or her present and future, which the clients will be able to know himself or herself more. Besides that, Person-centered Therapy will concentrate on the clients self-healing ability and the self-concept of the clients. In order to promote the self-concept of the clients, the therapists would need to practice three main elements; congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic. Aside from that, for the therapeutic relationship to be successful, the therapists need to ensure six core conditions to be presence; therapist-client psychological contact, client incongruence, therapist congruence, therapist unconditional positive regard, therapist emphatic understanding and client perception. References Corey, G. (2009).Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy(8th ed.). Belmont,  CA: Brooks/Cole. Cornelius-White, J. D. (2008). Reexamination of Rogers (1959) Collection of Theories on  the Person-Centered Approach. Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapies,  7(3), 201-208.   Hagner, D., Kurtz, A., May, J., Cloutier, H. (2014). Person-Centered Planning for  Transition-Aged Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Rehabilitation,  80(1), 4-10. Love, K., Pinkowitz, J. (2013). Person-Centered Care for People with Dementia : A  Theoretical and Conceptual Framework. Generations, 37(3), 23-29. Maslow, K., Fazio, S., Ortigara, A., Kuhn, D., Zeisel, J. (2013). From Concept to Practice:  Training in Person-Centered Care for People with Dementia. Generations, 37(3), 100-  107. McLeod, S. A. (2008). Person Centered Therapy. Retrieved from  http://www.simplypsychology.org/client-centred-therapy.html Morhardt, D., Spira, M. (2013). From Person-Centered Care to Relational Centered Care.  Generations, 37(3), 37-44. Swartout, K. M., Swartout, A. G. (2012). Shifting perspectives: Applying person-centered  analyses to violence research. Psychology Of Violence, 2(4), 309-312.  doi:10.1037/a0029910 Why Did Margaret Thatcher Win? Why Did Margaret Thatcher Win? The essay has been divided by 3 parts, equally with the 3 periods of time that Mrs Thatcher campaigning to be in power. Each part Id state the key events and policies circulated by Mrs Prime Minister and the Conservatives Party and also the opposition partys activites, together to conclude the factors that contributed to Mrs Thatchers 3 consecutive General Election victory and her 11 years in power. Why did Tories/ Margaret Thatcher win the 1979 General Election? The period of time from 1974 to 1979 is when the two dominant British political parties were under controlled by their two leaders: Jim Callaghan for Labour and Margaret Thatcher for Conservatives. The February 1974 General Election saw a hung parliament as a result and Labour was the largest party (Owen and Howe, 2011). The leader of the Labour party was Harold Wilson. In April 1976, he was succeeded by Jim Callaghan, who was the first and remain the only Prime Minister to hold the role in all three offices of state, which are Home Secretary of State and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1964 70), Foreign Secretary of State from 1974 before holding office at number 10 Downing Street (BBC News, 2001). Meanwhile, Margaret Thatcher successfully challenged Edward Heath for leadership of the Conservatives party to be the first woman to lead a major political party and the Tories had got its very first woman leader. The economy at such this point wasnt an alliance with the Labour government t o leave them in a well-controlled position. After the quadrupling of oil prices in 1973-74 of the O.P.E.Cs oil prices crisis, inflation rose sharply to over 24% and the sterling pound ( £) reached an alert point in the international currency market. During 1971 and 1974, inflation had been arrived at a rate of 9.3%, but had a peak of 27% in 1975. Between 1974 and 1978 the average of inflation was 17.3% and later on fell down to 9.3% in 1979 (Visitor6 Website, 2012). To keep up and to survive with costly goods in such an inflationary era, its inevitable for all the workers to claim for higher wages to live with the situation. Greater paid amount for workers was campaigned by the unions, in fact, they would favour a rise in wages up to 22% for fireman, 14% for bakers, despite the limit of 5% of the government policy (ibid, 2012). In consequence, the strikes began. Strikes carried on by truck drivers and oil tanker drivers, garbage collection services stopped in Liverpool, resulting in rubbish all over and pile up on the streets. Even worse, the grave-diggers went on strike, dead bodied were not buried, making this the most depressed chaos ever and making the government looks like it couldnt cope with the situation (ibid, 2012). This, was so-called, the Winter of Discontent, which was a significant factor contributing to the victory of the Conservative in the 1979 General Election, as the Labour government was seen with nothing to rely on. Another thing to note is that, by April 1976, after two days Callaghan holding the Prime Minister Office, the Labour party has lost its majority to be a minority government of 1, as a result of the resignation of the formal Cabinet Minister John Stonehouse, and the 2 backbenchers left to establish a new Scottish Labour Party (BBC On This Day Website, 2005). This was also a miscalculation of Callaghan, when he had the right to call an election by October 1978, but he didnt as the economic performance started to get a little bi t better, and then the Winter of Discontent (WoD) appeared. Meanwhile, the Conservatives were getting every single opportunity out of their excellent media campaign. Mrs Thatcher was more than welcome for the attraction of the media and to provide journalists lots of photo-opportunities. The Tories also managed to get an efficient use of TV broadcast, and also the influence of their poster Labour isnt working delivered by advertising agency Saatchi and Saatchi, imitating a queue of jobless people (Bunn, 2010a). The Conservative manifesto advanced greatly away from the Keynesian economic policies which had been adopted since 1945 by all government. Instead of applying demand management like previously, Mrs Thatcher adopted the idea of monetarism policies, which stated by the Chicago economist Milton Friedman that money supply is the main reason rising the rate of inflation, hence for the government to be able to control inflation, public expenditure shall be cut down and the amount o f money circulated in the business flow should be well under controlled, although all of this would lead to further unemployment rate (Owen and Howe, 2011). To be focused on lowering the rate of inflation, the Tories reckon that small inflation would create greater developing environment for firms and businesses, therefore providing greater demand for jobs because of the non-fluctuation condition in the market (Visitor6 Website, 2012). Other policies including leaving the market opened and free movement of the economy, breaking down the excessive power of the Trade Unions and tax cuts. The Conservatives party now seen as the party of Law and Order, giving Britain a new begin to escape from the so long chaos (Owen and Howe, 2011). The 1979 General Election results putting the Conservative back into power after with the total win of 339 seats, winning a solid majority of 44, marking the first of the 4 consecutive Genereal Election victories in the following years of the Tories, and Ma rgaret Thatcher became the first woman to be the Prime Minister and serving on number 10 Downing Street (Bunn, 2010a). Thatchers first term in power: 1979 1983 The first two years of the Thatcher Government were a remarkably difficult time in British politics. As stated above, Thatcher was massively inspired by the idea of monetarism, which believe the biggest demon of government is inflation, and to be in a good hand of controlling inflation rate, government need to control the flow of money supply (EconomicHelp Website, 2007). Indirect taxes were increased, government expenditure was lowered down and higher interest rate as government was fighting inflation (ibid, 2007). In the first Budget introduced in 1979, income tax rates were cut by 3%, from 33% to 30% but VAT was increased to a single rate of 15%. Interest rates were kept high, even raised up to 14%. The result was an economic recession (1979 81) in which manufacturing productivity fell by nearly 20% (BBC Budget Website, 1997). The subsequent rise in unemployment made it difficult to reduce government spending, which, as percentage of GDP, increased until 1983, although thereafter it fell noticeably. On the other hand, as a result of the recession, inflation fell significantly. By 1982, it was at 5% which was the average of the OECD and then reached its bottom for almost 20 years at 2.6% in 1986 (Owen and Howe, 2011). The turning point for the Conservatives Party during this tough period before the 1983 General Election was the Falkland War. Four months before the Falkland conflict, Mrs. Thatcher was the most unpopular Prime Minister on record according to the early 1980s opinion polls (Owen and Howe, 2011). After the island attack, her popular ratings increased from 41% in April and to 56% in May 1982 and when the invasion was finally over in June, her approval ratings was favourably reached 59% (IPSOS Website, 2007). Nevertheless, even before the Falkland factor happened, the economic was slightly recovered from the recession, backing up Thatchers image, and also there was obviously public support behind the governments decision of fighting and getting back the island. The Economist conducted a survey showed that 83% seen the decision of sending the naval task force to Falkland was right, followed by 85% in a later week and 85% in early May (ibid, 2007). Hence, the Prime Minster was doing what t he people also desired to do and expected to do so, and with the successful achievement of the invasions outcomes, Mrs Thatcher was seen as a strong and patriotic leader. Adulations were honoured to Mrs Prime Minister by the tabloid press across the nation (Owen and Howe, 2011). There was clearly the Falkland factors behind the Conservative win on the 1983 General Election, but theres others factor supported Thatcher too, such as what was happening on the side of the opposition party. The Labour was divided, and appeared to middle-class voters as extremely left-wing and too close to the Unions. Their Manifesto for the 1983 election, later describes as the longest suicide note in history by Sir Gerald Kaufman, was the most left-wing manifesto ever as believed (Rayner, 2013). The party wished to exit the EEC by the end of the next term and non-business with all nuclear weapons. It would not let the market to be left freely and pledged to more state intervention in the economy with the association of the Trade Unions in paying and other decisions. It also wanted to nationalised again all the assets to the state, including the bank of England. Finally, the party was saying to end one of the most popular policies of the Tories, The Right to Buy council tenant houses (Bunn, 2010b). Adding all of the elements stated above, the result was a second victory for Margaret Thatcher and a landline winning for the Conservative Party with 397 seats and an overall majority of 144 (Bunn, 2010b). With that massive amount of majority, Thatcher would be able to perform even more radical reforms in her next following term in power (Rayner, 2013). The second term in power: 1983 1987 Not long after the 1983 election, Thatcher in 1984 attended a summit of European Union leaders at Fontainebleau, France. She has been wrangling many years to claim for the rebate that Britain should have earned as contributing a massive amount to the budget of the EEC, for example Britain was the most imported agriculture-products country and paid heavily for the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP)s financial statement (Zijlstra, 2005). I want my money back with this legendary saying at the summit, Mrs Thatcher put British Euroscepticism into words clearer than anyone else before. The event was seemed to be successful for the Iron Lady, but on the other hands, distanced herself with other EU leaders in the area (Owen and Howe, 2011). The key event associated with Mrs Thatchers second term in office is undoubtedly the Miners Strike Defeat (1984 85). Since 1974, Mrs Prime Minister believed a strike could be expected, as when the miners had heavily tackled down the Heaths government. In addition, in the 1983 general election, the Labour party again was unable to be in power with Michael Foot being its leader, she said a strike would naturally arise (Craig, 2013). The National Coal Board was planning the strike by shutting down many of the uneconomic pits and stem financial losses running into billions (ibid, 2013). Ian MacGragor was appointed as the boards chairman by Mrs Thatcher, foreseeing the strike and stocking a massive amount of coal at power stations with orders and support from Nigel Lawson and later Peter Walker, the Energy Secretaries of State (ibid, 2013). The miners leader, Arthur Scargill, was negotiating with the Colonel Gaddafi of Libya and Mikhail Gorbachev for sufficient fund for the prolonging st rike. He was said to have got  £150,000 from Lybia, but by forecasting the strike long ahead, Mr Gorbachev agreed not to support the miners after Thatchers successful persuasion (ibid, 2013). By the end of 1984, the miners and their families facing financial shortage and poverty, returned to work and the strike was seen as admitting its defeat. This Miners Strike event was a direct hit on the Trade Unions, weakening its power, and as Thatcher wrote in her memoirs, What the strikes defeat meant was that Britain could not be made ungovernable by the Fascist Left (ibid, 2013). The 1980s also can be clearly seen as the era of privatisation. The nationalised assets had gradually been selling to private buyers and investors: British Telephone (1984), British Gas (1986), British Airways (1987), British Steel (1988). Electricity privatisation begun in the 90s, British Rail was privatised by Major later on. The Thatcherite support for privatisation was that it created more options and competitions in the market, hence provide the best service and offer best prices to customers, and also contribute extra funds to the Treasury (Owen and Howe, 2011). Approximately  £440m was raised by the privatising progress by 1987, which is the perfect condition for government to allow further direct tax cuts. Despite the increase in inflation rate, these were seen as the economic feel-good factors, putting the Conservatives Party on another term in power, but turn out to be Thatchers last election victory (ibid, 2011). Bibliographies BBC Budget Website (1997), http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/budget97/background/bud1979_92.shtml (accessed 7 May 2013). BBC News (2001) Elections Battle 1945 1997: 1979: The Thatcher Era Begin, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/in_depth/election_battles/1979_over.stm (accessed 7 May 2013). Bunn, M. (2010a) 1979 UK General Election, http://suite101.com/article/1979-uk-general-election-a231103 (accessed 7 May 2013). Bunn, M. (2010b) 1983 UK General Election, http://suite101.com/article/1983-uk-general-election-a231863 (accessed 7 May 2013). Craig, J. (2013) Miners Strike: Margaret Thatcher Triumph, http://news.sky.com/story/1075351/miners-strike-margaret-thatchers-triumph (accessed 7 May 2013). EconomicsHelp Website (2007) UK Economy under Mrs Thatcher 1979-1984, http://econ.economicshelp.org/2007/03/uk-economy-under-mrs-thatcher-1979-1984.html (accessed 7 May 2013). IPSOS-Mori Website (2007) Political Commentary The Falklands Factor Revisited, http://www.ipsos-mori.com/newsevents/ca/273/Political-Commentary-The-Falklands-Factor-Revisited.aspx (accessed 7 May 2013). Owen, V. and Howe, C. (2011) Politics. Essex: Pearson Education. Rayner, G. (2013) Margaret Thatcher dies: time and achievements as Britains first female PM, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/8081313/Margaret-Thatcher-dies-time-and-achievements-as-Britains-first-female-PM.html (accessed 7 May 2013). Visitor6 Website (2012) The Reasons why the Conservatives won the General Elections of 1979, 1983 and 1987?, http://visitor6.com/political-thought/the-reasons-why-the-conservatives-won-the-general-elections-of-1979-1983-and-1987/ (accessed 7 May 2013). Zijlstra, T. (2005) The people want their money back, http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/1311/the-people-want-their-money-back.html (accessed 7 May 2013). Why Is Play Important? Why Is Play Important? The right to play is a childs first claim on the community. Play is natures training for life. No community can infringe that right without doing deep and enduring harm to the minds and bodies of its citizens. By playing, children learn and develop as individuals, and as members of the community. Letting children go out and play is one of the best things that parents can do for their childrens health. A mix of active, imaginative and creative play makes for a brilliantly balanced diet of play. Some children prefer to spend most of their time with creative play, some with imaginative play and others with active play. There is nothing wrong in liking one toy or game in particular, but a balanced diet of play is best for development. In other words, its good for your child to play in lots of different ways. Each type of play contributes in its own way to all-round psychological progress. Your child gets something different out of playing with different toys. Encourage your child to achi eve a balanced diet of play by offering a regular change of play activities. You can suggest new types of games and new toys. A balanced diet of play is as important as good food or love. According to Dr Richard Woolfson (an educational psychologist with 30 years experience and a qualified nursery and primary school teacher), a portion each of three types of play each day helps with every childs healthy development: Creative play is about drawing, painting, playing music, cooking, or making something (anything!). It doesnt matter what your child makes, or whether theres a perfect result. Through creative play, your child expresses his- or herself, learns about process, discovers cause and effect and gains pride in their achievements. Imaginative play starts in your childs head. It can be role-playing, creating a new game, giving toys a voice, inventing adventures or playing a word game. Through imaginative play your child begins to understand the world, investigates fact and fiction, and develops positive relationships with themselves and other people. Active play is how your child moves in the world. It is running, jumping, catching and dancing all of which build strength and boost coordination. Active play is also a great way to learn about teamwork, release tension and feel truly free. Play is a serious business, as far as children are concerned. Play makes an immense contribution to your childs development in lots of important ways.As a child plays, they learn all about themselves and what they can do. Play helps them make friends, enjoy company and discover the world around them. Your child has fun while playing and at the same time is exercising, discovering and developing both emotionally and physically. Thats what makes play so wonderful! Improving Confidence Through Play Play boosts your childs self-confidence in many ways: Exploration. By learning through discovery, your child develops belief in their skills and abilities. Movement. As soon as your child can move, they want to play. The I got there by myself expression shows your childs growing confidence. Playing is also a fantastic form of exercise and as the facts show us, children need regular exercise. Facts: Welsh children are the second most overweight in Europe According to recent research by the World Health Organisation -in Wales, 23% of boys and 17% of girls are obese. 60% of children spend up to 4 hours a day watching TV. Only 60% of children have regular opportunities to play outside. Imagination. Children use their imagination in pretend-play. This is a new and exciting experience for children, and they love it. Creativity. Every child can be creative in play. Your child will be delighted when you smile at their drawings and paintings. Socialising. Playing with friends is a great way for your child to learn important social skills like sharing and taking turns. Problem-solving. Your childs confidence is boosted by solving a puzzle they would rather do it without too much help. Language. Playing with others builds up your childs vocabulary, speech and communication skills. Individual Play Patterns The way your child plays depends on many different factors. First theres their age and stage of development play becomes more complicated as your child grows older. Personality matters too an enthusiastic child will get stuck in to toys immediately while a passive child may hold back. The range of toys and games available affects play a child who hasnt got a pedal toy, for example, wont learn how to make it move by pushing the pedals. Every child instinctively needs to play. But there are many distractions that can grab young interest. For example, a television programme or a computer game may attract your childs attention away from toys and games. A Balanced Diet of Play Some children prefer to spend most of their time with creative play, some with imaginative play and others with active play. There is nothing wrong in liking one toy or game in particular, but a balanced diet of play is best for development. In other words, its good for your child to play in lots of different ways. Each type of play contributes in its own way to all-round psychological progress. Your child gets something different out of playing with different toys. Encourage your child to achieve a balanced diet of play by offering a regular change of play activities.

George Balanchine Essay -- Choreographer Art Ballet Essays

George Balanchine If composers are the masters of time, then the choreographer George Balanchine is the master of visual realization of that time in human terms. A master in both the kinesthetic and musical frames of creativity, he did not devote his energies to music visualization by assigning a certain number of dancers to represent strings, others the brass, and still others woodwinds or percussion but by creating a visual analogy in space that restates the musical structure with the trained dancer's body. He claimed that "Ballet... should not be an illustrator of even...the most substantive of literary sources. It will speak for itself. The ballet is flowers, beauty, poetry...I am, if you please, an advocate of pure art." Balanchine's most intense desire was "to make audiences see music and hear dancing." Georgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze was born the second of three children to Meliton Balanchivadze and his wife Marie on January 22,1904 in the village of Banodzha in western Georgia. His older sister was named Tamara and his younger brother, Andrei. Georgi was a very reserved child and never showed his emotions. When he was punished he would hide, afraid someone would see him crying. When translated, balanchivadze means "jester's son", which always amused Balanchine because his father was a singer and composer, and his mother was a pianist who encouraged the musical development of her children. When Meliton was home from his many tours and study trips he would teach the children to sing, and all three of them took piano lessons. At parties Andrei and Tamara would often dance for the guests but Georgi refused because he hated anything to do with dance and performance. When she reached the official age for admitt... ... companies perform at least one Balanchine work. Upon his death, it was written in the New York Review of Books that "George Balanchine liked to say, quoting Mayakovsky, 'I am not a man, but a cloud in trousers.' And now that luminous cloud has floated off, leaving us with a loss far deeper than the grave." Works Cited: A Ballet Society Book. Portraits of Mr. B: Photographs of George Balanchine. New York: The Viking Press, 1984. Buckle, Richard. George Balanchine: Ballet Master. New York: Random House, 1988. Flatow, Sheryl. "The Balanchine Trust: Guardian of the Legacy". Dance Magazine. December 1990, p 58-61. McDonagh, Don. George Balanchine. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1983. Reynolds, Nancy. "Balanchine in the USSR: Cultural Revelation". Dance Magazine. January 1994, p 88-90. Taper, Bernard. Balanchine: A Biography. New York: Times Books, 1984.