Compare Two Types of Music Eras Free Essay Example, 1500 words

For the most part, it was not until centuries later that people began to use musical notation to write everything down. However, there was some minimal notation being done, the process was so difficult and time-consuming that it only happened on a small scale, and it was only in churches that this kind of notation could actually happen on any kind of basis. This also led to most of the music of the period being church-based songs as well. It is also during this time period that we began to see the birth of polyphony, that will be the main focus of composers for many centuries to come. In was in its early beginning stages here, and was often found to happen during improvisational music. This is also when we began to see a split of the monophonic and polyphonic styles of music. We begin to see the long flowing melodies of the monophonic style, contrasted with the long and asymmetrical melodies of the polyphonic mode. The dissonance that developed in the polyphonic music of the time is another personal favorite of mine, as the sharp and hugely surprising changes in tone and musicality really show off what music is capable of. This development continued through the ages until we arrived at the modern music age at the turn of the century. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Two Types of Music Eras or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This age is perhaps my least favorite of all the musical ages and is defiantly not anywhere near the creativity and musical growth that was going on in churches during the Middle Ages. It is during this modern century that many different things have begun to happen to music. First of all, we have seen a total disrespect and poor attitude towards the musical past. Many musicians care nothing of the music that has come before them and is simply trying their best to have nothing to do with the older ages of music. To me, this is cutting you from great music, such as that of the Middle Ages, and should never be done. To completely cut yourself off from the past is to do the same for the present, and I feel that artists that do this are losing an integral part of what music is all about.

Women Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators Essay - 1851 Words

In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. It also explains the conceptual framework and conceptual map of the study.. 2.1 Concept of Women Entrepreneur Women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operates a business enterprise is defined as Women Entrepreneurs’. The Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. â€Å"Women Entrepreneur† is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent† (Meenu Goyal and Jai Prakash, 2011, pp. ). In India, these entrepreneurs are part of the larger sustainable development strategy employed by the policymakers. Evidence shows that Women entrepreneurship has already contributed to the economic growth across the world and women led enterprises are increasing in every country.. These enterprises also created a large number of job opportunities in their respective economies. Apart from this, these enterprises also crea ted new business solutions for the pressing social problems.Further in whole enterprises scenario, number of enterprises owned by women is very less compared to men. Government of India has implemented various schemes for development of such enterprises but impact is yet to be seen. Over the past few decades role ofShow MoreRelatedWomen Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators1879 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. It also explains the conceptual framework and conceptual map of the study.. 2.1 Concept of Women Entrepreneur Women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operates a business enterprise is defined as Women Entrepreneurs’. The Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of theRead MoreScope of Entrepreneurship Development2767 Words   |  12 Pages35 years – more than the entire population of the United States! Each person, in this bold new generation, will be in the prime of his or her life, striving for a better tomorrow – creating, in the process, new growth opportunities, for budding entrepreneurs! On the most conservative basis, our domestic consumption, in virtually any sector, has the potential to at least double, or treble, from current levels – perhaps, just to catch up with a country like China! Then, there is the entire global opportunityRead MoreA List Of The Au Projects And Policies1508 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica Initiative. The MAP originated from the G8 summit, Japan 2000.1 NEPAD’s key aims are to reduce poverty, and address developmental issues, Africa’s marginalization and women empowerment. Current economic projects of NEPAD for the continent include: The NEPAD Agriculture and Food Security Program, the Spanish fund for Women Empowerment, and the African Continental Free Trade Area and Boosting of Intra Africa Trade under the guardianship of the African Trade Policy Centre, UNECA. 2:2 NEPAD’sRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital2516 Words   |  11 PagesPaper on Social Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital/Start-Up Funding Nothing can be nobler than wanting to improve the conditions of the world both on an environmental and sociological level. Those individuals and businesses that choose to take on society s problems are a special breed and they face an uphill battle not only in performing their work, but finding the financial resources to grow the business so that it can fulfill its mission. This paper will examine the industry of social entrepreneurshipRead MoreEmerging Trends in Entrepreneurship4541 Words   |  19 Pagesextended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects to major undertakings creating many job opportunities. Many kinds of organizations now exist to support would-be entrepreneurs, including specialized government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and some NGOs. 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Georgia State Legislators should use their influence to broaden funding opportunities in the City of Atlanta similar to the funding opportunities enjoyed by start-ups in Silicon Valley (Southern San Francisco Bay area). More specifically, State politicians should consider using their influence to assist young entrepreneurs (under the age of 20 years old) with funding for their smallRead MoreFirms Should Get Their House in Order Before Seeking to Manage Supplier.1728 Words   |  7 Pagesvending machine for intimate washing in public toilets – Sanitary Aqu a Vendo. This product promotes discipline use of water, preservation of trees through reduced consumption of tissue paper and prevention of urinary tract infection especially among women. So, how exactly does creativity work. Let’s us look at its anatomy. 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A) idea B) scheme C) design D) proposal E) opportunity Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 43 Topic: Identifying and Recognizing Opportunities AACSB: Reflective Thinking Objective: Describe the role of entrepreneurs and small business 3) According to the textbook, opportunitiesRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesWhat Motivates Entrepreneurship Socio-cultural Factors Access to Early Stage Finance Education, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Business Environment for Entrepreneurship Conclusion: Encouraging Entrepreneurship List of Stakeholders and Details of Entrepreneurs Surveyed Entrepreneurship Proï ¬ les Methodology List of Resources Glossary vii viii 1 9 21 29 49 71 89 97 105 163 165 169 Annexure II : Annexure III : Annexure IV : Annexure V : Table of Contents iii List of Figures Figure 1.1 : Figure

Nurturing and Nourishing Hydrogel Dressings

Question: Discuss about the Nurturing and Nourishing for Hydrogel Dressings. Answer: Introduction: The patient, Mr. Brown is a 76 years old male with the history of rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Recently he is representing a chronic wound, i.e. venous ulcer on his left lower leg. This wound is significantly painful and oozing. Thus, the wound have significant impact upon patients mobility, due to pain, he would be unable to walk or move adequately (Brown, 2012). Overweight and rheumatoid arthritis will contribute to It would also significantly affect his physical health, as Stapphylococcus sp. Infection has been found from the wound, which may spread significantly. The third impact upon the patient would be upon his socialization and mental trauma. Due to decreased mobility, he would be unable to go out, making him isolated, leading to mental stress. From the case history of Mr. Brown, it has been revealed that his wife is dependent on him for care and relies on him to manage the family home. It has also been revealed that his daughter lives 500 km away from their house. Therefore, her wifes life would significantly be troubled as a result of Mr. Browns health issue. It would restrict his mobility and he would be unable to help his wife in managing household. His mental distress and isolation would also psychologically and emotionally affect his wife and daughter. In this context, his daughter would have to take care of her parents and manage their household, which would also negatively affect her personal and professional life (Lay-Flurrie, 2017). There are several factors that have contributed to his poor wound healing procedure upon venous ulceration. These factors are: For each contributing factors identified, Mr. Brown would be educated to control his life style factors, for improved wound healing process. Type 2 diabetes- Due to high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes, wound healing is delayed, which he needs to control through physical exercise and health diet. High BMI, i.e. 41.5- which is indicating class III obesity- Obesity is significantly contributing in his delayed wound healing. He should continue with regular physical exercise and low fat diet to reduce his weight (Toy Macera, 2011). Sugary and high fat diet- Sugary and high fat diet and worsening his T2DM and obesity related issues, which are in turn contributing to his poor wound healing, thus he would be encouraged to eliminate these from his regular diet. Alcohol consumption and Smoking history- Alcohol consumption and smoking are the triggers of inflammation and making him susceptible to infection at the wound site, delaying the healing process. Thus, he should reduce his alcohol consumption. Hypertension- Hypertension is related to T2DM and obesity, which needs to be controlled with physical exercise, relaxation techniques and proper medication. The first resource that would be used for providing education to the client is wound healing guidelines of the hospital, which would be provided with the help of other members in the multidisciplinary team. On the other hand, the second resource that would be used for providing the above mentioned education to the patient is educational resources from Diabetes Service: resource for patient (Gouin Kiecolt-Glaser, 2011). The first one will be accessed from hospital and the second one will be accessed from www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/. The first resource that would help to increase a nurses knowledge regarding wound healing is the PowerPoint slides provided by the organization during training, which would be accessed from hospital resource data base. The second resource would be resources and tools provided in wound Australia, which would be accessed from www.woundsaustralia.com.au. As wound healing process can be significantly affected by infection and wounds are sensitive to pathogens, several risk control measures are followed; these include: Hand hygiene- It is the most important measure, as infection can spread through unhygienic hands of care staffs or the patient Selecting the correct dressing- Healing requires moisture in the wound bed, but it should be determined, what kind and how much, which plays significant role in healing progress (Pope et al., 2012). Thus, based on the wound type, specific and appropriate dressing should be selected Antibiotic cream- Using an antibiotic cream would help to reduce the chance of wound infection The patient should also be educated to reduce wound infection chance. The education should include: Hand hygiene- It is the most important point in reducing the rate of wound infection, thus prior dressing, hands should be cleaned properly Proper dosage of dressing product- As the dressing products are responsible for the progress of wound healing, it is important to maintain the proper dosage of these products, to reduce adverse effects Wound cleansing- It is the step which determines the amount of moisture left in the dressing material and wound healing needs moisture in wound bed, thus cleansing process should be done properly (Young McNaught, 2011). For Mr. Browns case, silver impregnated wound dressing would be used. For this, wound dressing products are discussed below: Wound cleansing products- Sterile normal saline (0.9 %) are preferred, as it would not irritate patients skin Primary dressing products- silver hydrofiber Aquacel Ag, for maintaining tissue hydration Secondary dressing products- silver hydrogel Silvasorbor antibiotic cream like cicatrin, as it is active against gram positive microorganisms While making the discharge plan, the patient and family would be advised for his healthy diet and physical education. In addition, proper dressing schedule would be discussed along with the precautions. He would be provided with referrals of rehabilitation centre, where his wound healing would be facilitated. In addition, Mr. Brown would be provided and discussed about his follow up checkups. All the documentations including consents and referrals would be completed and a thorough assessment would be done prior his discharge (Jefferies, Johnson Ravens, 2011). Reference List Brown, P. (2012).Quick reference to wound care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Gouin, J. P., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2011). The impact of psychological stress on wound healing: methods and mechanisms.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America,31(1), 81-93. Jefferies, D., Johnson, M., Ravens, J. (2011). Nurturing and nourishing: the nurses role in nutritional care.Journal of clinical nursing,20(3?4), 317-330. Krasner, D., Rodeheaver, G., Woo, K., Sibbald, G. (2012).Chronic Wound Care 5. BookBaby. Lay-Flurrie, K. (2017). The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing.nursing,7, 00. Pope, E., Lara-Corrales, I., Mellerio, J., Martinez, A., Schultz, G., Burrell, R., ... Sibbald, G. (2012). A consensus approach to wound care in epidermolysis bullosa.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,67(5), 904-917. Toy, L. W., Macera, L. (2011). Evidence?based review of silver dressing use on chronic wounds.Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners,23(4), 183-192. Young, A., McNaught, C. E. (2011). The physiology of wound healing.Surgery (Oxford),29(10), 475-479.

Lord Of The Rings Essays - The Lord Of The Rings, Action Heroes

Lord Of The Rings J. R. R. Tolkien - The Lord Of The Rings. (3/4) Part 1: The Fellowship of the Ring Part 2: The Two Towers Part 3: The Return of the King THE RETURN OF THE KING Book V Chapter 1 Minas Tirith Chapter 2 The Passing of the Grey Company Chapter 3 The Muster of Rohan Chapter 4 The Siege of Gondor Chapter 5 The Ride of the Rohirrim Chapter 6 The Battle of the Pelennor Fields Chapter 7 The Pyre of Denethor Chapter 8 The Houses of Healing Chapter 9 The Last Debate Chapter 10 The Black Gate Opens Book VI Chapter 1 The Tower of Cirith Ungol Chapter 2 The Land of Shadow Chapter 3 Mount Doom Chapter 4 The Field of Cormallen Chapter 5 The Steward and the King Chapter 6 Many Partings Chapter 7 Homeward Bound Chapter 8 The Scouring of the Shire Chapter 9 The Grey Havens ----------------------------------- THE RETURN OF THE KING Pippin looked out from the shelter of Gandalf's cloak. He wondered if he was awake or still sleeping, still in the swift-moving dream in which he had been wrapped so long since the great ride began. The dark world was rushing by and the wind sang loudly in his ears. He could see nothing but the wheeling stars, and away to his right vast shadows against the sky where the mountains of the South marched past. Sleepily he tried to reckon the times and stages of their journey, but his memory was drowsy and uncertain. There had been the first ride at terrible speed without a halt, and then in the dawn he had seen a pale gleam of gold, and they had come to the silent town and the great empty house on the hill. And hardly had they reached its shelter when the winged shadow had passed over once again, and men wilted with fear. But Gandalf had spoken soft words to him, and he had slept in a corner, tired but uneasy, dimly aware of comings and goings and of men talking and Gandalf giving orders. And then again riding, riding in the night. This was the second, no, the third night since he had looked in the Stone. And with that hideous memory he woke fully, and shivered, and the noise of the wind became filled with menacing voices. A light kindled in the sky, a blaze of yellow fire behind dark barriers Pippin cowered back, afraid for a moment, wondering into what dreadful country Gandalf was bearing him. He rubbed his eyes, and then he saw that it was the moon rising above the eastern shadows, now almost at the full. So the night was not yet old and for hours the dark journey would go on. He stirred and spoke. 'Where are we, Gandalf?' he asked. 'In the realm of Gondor,' the wizard answered. 'The land of An?rien is still passing by.' There was a silence again for a while. Then, 'What is that?' cried Pippin suddenly, clutching at Gandalf's cloak. 'Look! Fire, red fire! Are there dragons in this land? Look, there is another!' For answer Gandalf cried aloud to his horse. 'On, Shadowfax! We must hasten. Time is short. See! The beacons of Gondor are alight, calling for aid. War is kindled. See, there is the fire on Amon D?n, and flame on Eilenach; and there they go speeding west: Nardol, Erelas, Min-Rimmon, Calenhad, and the Halifirien on the borders of Rohan.' But Shadowfax paused in his stride, slowing to a walk, and then he lifted up his head and neighed. And out of the darkness the answering neigh of other horses came; and presently the thudding of hoofs was heard, and three riders swept up and passed like flying ghosts in the moon and vanished into the West. Then Shadowfax gathered himself together and sprang away, and the night flowed over him like a roaring wind. Pippin became drowsy again and paid little attention to Gandalf telling him of the customs of Gondor, and how the Lord of the City had beacons built on the tops of outlying hills along both borders of the great range, and maintained posts at these points where fresh horses were always in readiness to bear his errand-riders to Rohan in the North, or to Belfalas in the South. 'It is long since the beacons of the North were lit,' he said; 'and

Amyloplast Definition and Function

Amyloplast Definition and Function An amyloplast is an organelle found in plant cells. Amyloplasts are plastids that produce and store starch within internal membrane compartments. They are commonly found in vegetative plant tissues, such as tubers (potatoes) and bulbs. Amyloplasts are also thought to be involved in gravity sensing (gravitropism) and helping plant roots grow in a downward direction. Key Takeaways: Amyloplast and Other Plastids Plastids are plant organelles that function in nutrient synthesis and storage. These double-membrane, cytoplasmic structures have their own DNA and replicate independently of the cell.Plastids develop from immature cells called proplastids that mature into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts.Amyloplasts are leucoplasts that function mainly in starch storage. They are colorless and found in plant tissues that do not undergo photosynthesis (roots and seeds).Amyloplasts synthesize transitory starch which is stored temporarily in chloroplasts and used for energy. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis and energy production in plants.Amyloplasts also help to orient root growth downward toward the direction of gravity. Amyloplasts are derived from a group of plastids known as leucoplasts. Leucoplasts have no pigmentation and appear colorless. Several other types of plastids are found within plant cells including chloroplasts (sites of photosynthesis), chromoplasts (produce plant pigments), and gerontoplasts (degraded chloroplasts). Types of Plastids This image of vertical section of a leaf was taken with a scanning electron microscope. Chloroplasts (green plastids responsible for photosynthesis) and other organelles are seen inside the cells. Clouds Hill Imaging Ltd./Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plastids are organelles that function primarily in nutrient synthesis and storage of biological molecules. While there are different types of plastids specialized to fill specific roles, plastids share some common characteristics. They are located in the cell cytoplasm and are surrounded by a double lipid membrane. Plastids also have their own DNA and can replicate independently from the rest of the cell. Some plastids contain pigments and are colorful, while others lack pigments and are colorless. Plastids develop from immature, undifferentiated cells called proplastids. Proplastids mature into four types of specialized plastids: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts. Chloroplasts: These green plastids are responsible for photosynthesis and energy production through glucose synthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy. Chloroplasts are commonly found in specialized cells called guard cells located in plant leaves and stems. Guard cells open and close tiny pores called stomata to allow for gas exchange required for photosynthesis.Chromoplasts: These colorful plastids are responsible for cartenoid pigment production and storage. Carotenoids produce red, yellow, and orange pigments. Chromoplasts are primarily located in ripened fruit, flowers, roots, and leaves of angiosperms. They are responsible for tissue coloration in plants, which serves to attract pollinators. Some chloroplasts found in unripened fruit convert to chromoplasts as the fruit matures. This change of color from green to a carotenoid color indicates that the fruit is ripe. Leaf color change in fall is due to loss of the green pigment chlorophyll, whi ch reveals the underlying carotenoid coloration of the leaves. Amyloplasts can also be converted to chromoplasts by first transitioning to amylochromoplasts (plastids containing starch and carotenoids) and then to chromoplasts. Gerontoplasts: These plastids develop from the degradation of chloroplasts, which occurs when plant cells die. In the process, chlorophyll is broken down in chloroplasts leaving only cartotenoid pigments in the resulting gerontoplast cells.Leucoplasts: These plastids lack color and function to store nutrients. Leucoplast Plastids This false-color transmission electron micrograph shows an amyloplast (large central body), a starch- containing plastid, found in a cell from the root cap of an onion. Amyloplasts contain large quantities of starch (blue globules). Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Leucoplasts are typically found in tissues that dont undergo photosynthesis, such as roots and seeds. Types of leucoplasts include: Amyloplasts: These leucoplasts convert glucose to starch for storage. The starch is stored as granules in amyloplasts of tubers, seeds, stems, and fruit. The dense starch grains cause amyloplasts to sediment in plant tissue in response to gravity. This induces growth in a downward direction. Amyloplasts also synthesize transitory starch. This type of starch is stored temporarily in chloroplasts to be broken down and used for energy at night when photosynthesis does not occur. Transitory starch is found primarily in tissues where photosynthesis occurs, such as leaves.Elaioplasts: These leucoplasts synthesize fatty acids and store oils in lipid-filled microcompartments called plastoglobuli. They are important to the proper development of pollen grains.Etioplasts: These light-deprived chloroplasts do not contain chlorophyll but have the precursor pigment for chlorophyll production. Once exposed to light, chlorophyll production occurs and etioplasts are converted to chloroplasts.Proteino plasts: Also called aleuroplasts, these leucoplasts store protein and are often found in seeds. Amyloplast Development This image shows starch grains (green) in the parenchyma of a Clematis sp. plant. Starch is synthesized from the carbohydrate sucrose, a sugar produced by the plant during photosynthesis, and used as a source of energy. It is stored as grains in structures called amyloplasts (yellow). Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Amyloplasts are responsible for all starch synthesis in plants. They are found in plant parenchyma tissue which composes the outer and inner layers of stems and roots; the middle layer of leaves; and the soft tissue in fruits. Amyloplasts develop from proplastids and divide by the process of binary fission. Maturing amyloplasts develop internal membranes which create compartments for the storage of starch. Starch is a polymer of glucose that exists in two forms: amylopectin and amylose. Starch granules are composed of both amylopectin and amylose molecules arranged in a highly organized fashion. The size and number of starch grains contained within amyloplasts varies based on the plant species. Some contain a single spherical shaped grain, while others contain multiple small grains. The size of the amyloplast itself depends on the amount of starch being stored. Sources Horner, H. T., et al. Amyloplast to Chromoplast Conversion in Developing Ornamental Tobacco Floral Nectaries Provides Sugar for Nectar and Antioxidants for Protection. American Journal of Botany, vol. 94, no. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 12–24., doi:10.3732/ajb.94.1.12. Weise, Sean E., et al. The Role of Transitory Starch in C3, CAM, and C4 Metabolism and Opportunities for Engineering Leaf Starch Accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 62, no. 9, 2011, pp. 3109–3118., doi:10.1093/jxb/err035.

Between Class Madness

This year I was really looking forward to a great time, but some of that happiness was gone within the first couple of days. Like all of the eighth graders, I have noticed that it is a lot harder to get to class on time, unlike last year when I could get to class and have a minute to talk before the bell rang. This year it’s a different story. The fact that no teacher gives us our homework until the bell rings is a big reason, because, they are so hung up in what they’re teaching that when the bell rings they say, â€Å"Oh ya, and for homework you have this worksheet.† So now the teacher has to hurriedly hand out the worksheet, and we have to write it down in our agendas. When that is done, we ask the teachers for a late pass, but most of the time they don’t give one to us. With that in mind, we scurry out into the hallway, knowing we will get a tardy unless we run. It is difficult to gather our books for the class, because, everyone in the class is busy on a worksheet or writing down vocabulary when the bell rings. This doesn’t sound like a big deal, but it is. After the bell, we have three minutes to get to our next class, but about one half of that time is taken up by a couple things: putting the worksheet we are working on into our binder, putting our pencil in our pencil case, then getting our book which is under our desks. When we finish that and get out of the classroom, there are only about two minutes left. In those next two minutes there is another problem, which brings me to my third point. The biggest reason that I have trouble getting to class is that there is a colossal mob of people in the hallway by the eighth grade lockers. Some of them are students trying to hurry to their next class on time, and some are teachers coming out of the teachers’ lounge. There are only about seven feet across the hallway to fit in sixty students. If you are in this mob, you know that it is like being stuck in traffic: you don’t move! It takes at least a minute to just get out of the huge jam. After that horrendous event, you look at the clock and notice that you have only five seconds to get to class, so you start to sprint down the hallway. You’re three feet from the door when Ms. Miller comes by and gives you a detention for running in the halls. After all that, you are late to class and you have a detention. I hope I am not the only person in the eighth grade that has noticed this ever growing, and wants to fix it. So the next time you are late to class becaus e of hallway jams, you can join me, and many others that think the same thing

Ban smoking in public places Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ban smoking in public places - Essay Example Smoke from cigarettes is affecting the environment as a whole and is also affecting the individuals who smoke. This is the very reason that smoking is being banned in public places so it cannot harm other individuals. This argumentative essay would further expand the points of smoking ban on public places and would provide with a definitive conclusion as to which side is more convincing (Vallero 2008, Goudie 2000 & Cooper 2001). The proponents of the ban on smoking in public places present with researches carried out on the topic which clearly shows that smoking in these public places is harmful to the health of many individuals who are exposed to the smoke involuntarily (Carb 2003). They argue that the smoke in these public places can cause non smokers to passively smoke and some asthmatic patients can have a triggered asthmatic attack because of it. (National Health Survey 1994). Similarly patients who are already suffering from fatal diseases would be triggered by this tobacco smoke if they are exposed to it highly as reported by the CDC (Washington Post 2004). They bring forward laws which provide every human life in this world with the right that they should not be exposed to carcinogens which would affect their health and if this ban on smoking does not take place then these individuals would be exposed to the carcinogens of cigarette (U.S Department of Health and Human Services). They also bring forw ard other harms which may be caused by cigarette smoke to the society. The cigarette butts that are left behind by the smoker can be a cause of fire at many places and by imposing ban on smoking the government can ensure that these incidents are avoided (Daily Courier 2004). Similarly it is found that these butts of cigarettes also constitute a great part of the litter found on the beaches and if bans are strictly imposed on these recreational places the cost of cleaning the places would be much low. (Chicago Sun Times 2003). It is seen that many of the